A rare presentation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) as acute hemorrhagic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis

Abstract

Abstract Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease is usually associated with optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or transverse myelitis. We are presenting a rare case report wherein myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody seropositivity was associated with hemorrhagic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. To our knowledge, no such cases were found to be published. Case presentation A 15-year-old female came with complaints of sudden onset paraparesis. MRI was performed within 48 h from the episode of paraparesis, which revealed a long-segment, intramedullary, expansile and heterogeneously enhancing spinal cord lesion extending from T1 vertebral level up to conus medullaris. Few foci of blooming were also noted within the spinal cord on gradient sequences. Laboratory evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed no significant abnormality. Neuromyelitis optica antibodies were negative, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG) showed seropositivity. The patient was started on methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis for the same after which the patient gradually improved and regained her ability to walk. Follow-up MRI was performed after 4 weeks, which revealed significant reduction in the extent of the intramedullary lesion described earlier. Conclusions Hemorrhagic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis without any involvement of optic nerves and brain may show MOG seropositivity, and it should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in acute myelopathy.

Keywords

• Hemorrhagic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
• MOGAD
• MOG
• Acute myelopathy