Paediatrica Indonesiana (Apr 2013)

Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity

  • Rasyidah Rasyidah,
  • Sujan Ali Fing

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14238/pi53.2.2013.76-82
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 53, no. 2
pp. 76 – 82

Abstract

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Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the main causes of visual impairment in premature infants. Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors for ROP in premature infants. Methods This retrospective study included premature infants born in Stella Maris Women's and Children's Hospital and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and Neonatology Department from November 2009 to May 2012. We included all premature infants with body weight (BW) 32 weeks with unstable clinical courses who had been screened for ROP. Data was analyzed with Fisher's exact test and independent t test. Results Of the 48 premature infants in the study, ROP was detected in 6 (12.5%) of the subjects. Stages ofROPwere classified according to the International Classification ofRetinopathy of Prematurity. Stage 1 ROP was detected in 1 (2.1 %) subject; stage 2 ROP was detected in 3 (6.25%) subjects; and stage 3 ROP was found in 2 ( 4.2%) subjects. The 2 infants with stage 3 ROP required surgery. No ROP was detected in infants with GA ~30 weeks or BW > 1250 g. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, blood transfusion, and apnea were found to be associated with development ofROP. Duration of oxygen therapy was found to be a significant risk factor for ROP in a comparison of the no ROP group to the ROP group: 14.0 (SD 9.508) days vs. 3.81 (SD 5 .218) days, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, the duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) usage was also a significant risk factor for ROP, with 1.83 (SD 1.329) days in the ROP group vs. 0.76 (SD 1.122) days in the no ROP group (P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of ROP in the premature infants in our study is 12.5%. Retinopathy of prematurity is associated with lower BW, lower GA, lower Apgar score at the 5th minute, RDS, sepsis, apnea, blood transfusion, aminophylline usage, as well as longer duration of oxygen therapy and CPAP usages.

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