Brucellosis at the human-animal interface, Morocco, 2002-2019

Abstract

Purpose: Brucellosis has a significant impact on human health and animal industry. In Morocco, the only national serological survey dates from 1999. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and socio-demographic characteristics of brucellosis patients recorded and promote the ''One Health'' approach. Methods & Materials: The database collected by the epidemiological surveillance of Ministry of Health between 2002-2019, is completed and cleared by information from the declaration / investigation sheets and laboratory results. The selected registrations are those with a positive Rose Bengal test (probable case) or a positive confirmatory test (confirmed case). Animal data are also collected from the Ministry of Agriculture over the same period. Results: A total of 55 probable and 259 confirmed cases were reported over the period 2002-2019 in Morocco by 11/81 provinces. The annual incidence ranged from 0.003 to 0.394 per 100,000 inhabitants. Cases occurred more frequently between March and July with a peak in April. The mean age was 41.7 ± 17.8 years and the sex ratio M / F = 1.006. All farmers and herders represente only 5.6% of the occupations mentioned. Consumption of unpasteurized milk was more common. However, eighteen of the twenty-one provinces where bovine brucellosis was declared, have been silent for human brucellosis. Conclusion: Human brucellosis is a notifiable disease in Morocco benefiting from exhaustive passive surveillance, but very underreported. Therefore, it's necessary to establish an early warning system between the human and animal sectors, and set up a network of laboratories for diagnostic confirmation including local public hospitals.