Revealing the early stages of carbamazepine crystallization by cryoTEM and 3D electron diffraction

Abstract

Time-resolved carbamazepine crystallization from wet ethanol has been monitored using a combination of cryoTEM and 3D electron diffraction. Carbamazepine is shown to crystallize exclusively as a dihydrate after 180 s. When the timescale was reduced to 30 s, three further polymorphs could be identified. At 20 s, the development of early stage carbamazepine dihydrate was observed through phase separation. This work reveals two possible crystallization pathways present in this active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Keywords

• crystal nucleation
• 3d electron diffraction
• polymorphism
• cryotem
• carbamazepine