The Fundamental Basis for the Formation of Innovation of Enterprises

Abstract

The article is aimed at systematizing the basic views on the process of forming a fundamental scientific basis for innovation of enterprises. The views of the scientists who shaped the theories of innovation and the essence of these theories are considered, namely: C. Freeman (Science Policy Research Unit at University of Sussex, UK); B.-A. Lundvall (University of Uppsala, Sweden) and R. Nelson (Columbia University, USA). The author studied the main directions of work of scientists, which composed the basis of research, namely: J. Schumpeter (1883-1950) - the theory of economic dynamics; F. Hayek (1899-1992) - the concept of distracted knowledge; D. Norton (1920-2015) - institutional theory; R. Solow (1924 - to the present) - the role of the STP in economic growth; P. Romer (1955 - to the present) and R. Lucas (1937 - to the present) - a new theory of growth. It is defined that each of the founders of an innovative direction offers his vision of development, focusing on individual elements and relationships. All of them adhere to the general methodological principles of enterprise innovation, i.e.: knowledge plays a special role in economic development; competition is a major driver of economic dynamics based on innovation; the institutional context of innovation directly affects its content and structure.

Keywords

• innovation
• scientific schools
• institutional system
• scientific-technological progress
• knowledge
• technology