Toxic epidermal necrolysis [version 1; referees: 3 approved]

Abstract

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, life-threatening drug-induced skin disease with a mortality rate of approximately 30%. The clinical hallmark of TEN is a marked skin detachment caused by extensive keratinocyte cell death associated with mucosal involvement. The exact pathogenic mechanism of TEN is still uncertain. Recent advances in this field have led to the identification of several factors that might contribute to the induction of excessive apoptosis of keratinocytes. In addition, specific human leukocyte antigen types seem to be associated with certain drugs and the development of TEN. As well-controlled studies are lacking, patients are treated with various immunomodulators (e.g. intravenous immunoglobulin) in addition to the best supportive care.

Keywords

• Allergy & Hypersensitivity
• Dermatologic Pathology
• Dermatologic Pharmacology
• Drug Eruptions
• Immune Response
• Immunopharmacology & Hematologic Pharmacology
• Innate Immunity
• Leukocyte Activation
• Leukocyte Signaling & Gene Expression
• Toxicology