مسکن و محیط روستا (Dec 2018)
The Assessment of the Effects of Implementing Special Improvement Plan on Rural Housing Development (Case Study: Abrisham Rural District)
Abstract
Housing is a specific place where households reside in. It is a physical center, a shelter and one of the most basic needs for a family. The Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation is considered as the main provider of rural housing in Iran. This special plan for the improvement of rural housing is the latest and the most important development plan, which was designed to provide affordable, durable, and affordable housing for Rurales. This plan was implemented in the rural areas from 2005 to 2011 with the aim of retrofitting, preserving the identity of native architecture, promoting environmental health, optimizing energy consumption, and so forth. Considering the above-mentioned, the following basic questions are raised: What changes have been made in the rural housing system of the Abrisham rural district due to the implementation of special improvement plan? To what extent do these changes have resulted in housing development in this rural area? There are a variety of theories in this regard, including theoretical approach of structuralism, functionalism approach, structural-functional approach, construction approach, phenomenological approach, critical realism, and structural-functional dynamics. In this research, structural-functional dynamics has been used to analyze the changes resulting from the implementation of a special improvement plan in rural housing area. Housing as a part of the spatial system has certain structural-functional features. This main element of the physical texture of the villages has undergone changes during recent decades due to the implementation of the housing renovation and improvement plan, in particular the special improvement plan for rural housing. The implementation of this plan has played a significant role for changes in the construction and functions of rural houses. Considering the encouragement of urban housing model (within the framework of urbanism) and the lack of attention to the relationship between structure and functions of rural houses, sometimes produced changes resulted in a kind of dichotomy between housing and the basic activities of rural households. Structural-functional changes in rural housing have led to the structural-functional transformation of the texture, physical and the overall spatial system of the village. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population include the Abisham rural district, in which the special housing improvement program has been implemented. In this rural district, about 318 villagers out of 3138 households in the studied areas received loans. Cochran method was used to determine the sample size. Samples selected using stratified random sampling. According to this method, 94 households were selected as a sample size. Data collected by using library and field methods as well as questionnaires. For data analysis, inferential statistical methods such as Friedman, Anova and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests have been used. Friedman test results show that the suitability of material type to meet the needs of villagers with the highest average ranking is first in comparison with other indicators. Improvement of sanitary facilities, façade of residential unit and lighting of the residential unit as well as the proper orientation of the residential unit and ... are other indicators that have caused desirable situation and positive development. Eliminating the livelihood space and removing support space have low ranking. According conducted survey based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the development of rural housing in the Abrisham rural district described as follows: The special program caused the long life buildings with low-durability materials have more resilience to natural hazards (such as earthquakes). Also, by implementing a wastewater system, the proper living space have been created at the residential unit level. This change has led to the housing development indices The results of the research show that the quantitative and qualitative changes in the new residential units have been adapted to the dominant needs of the villagers (sample households), and the special plan for the improvement of rural housing with its implementation in the Abrisham rural district has created the structural-functional cohesion of rural housing.
