Enhancing systematic literature review adapting ‘double diamond approach’

Abstract

Current literature review frameworks often lack quantification of literature volume, guidance on keyword inclusion, confidence in identifying knowledge gaps, and the formulation of research questions, which can lead to potential bias in research. This undermines the validity and reliability of reviews. In this paper, we aim to enhance the systematic literature review (SLR) methods—starting with a review of review literature followed by a review of empirical literature—to address these challenges. By critically evaluating existing SLR approaches, we propose an enhanced SLR method, termed 'double-stage SLR,' designed to identify gaps, define research questions, develop strategies to overcome challenges, and deliver high-quality review work. This approach mirrors the Double Diamond Approach (DDA), which we refer to as ‘DDA in SLR’, viewing systematic reviews as projects aimed at addressing existing issues in review processes. The DDA in SLR involves a two-stage process: first, reviewing existing reviews to formulate research questions, and then examining empirical research to meet review objectives. This method does not challenge existing SLR frameworks but rather acknowledges them as the foundation for enhancement by systematically reviewing both review and empirical literature, ultimately optimizing review quality. Additionally, this enhanced method reduces risks and bias in SLR, as validated through practical application, and encourages its use to produce high-quality outputs in research, academia, and beyond.

Keywords

• Literature searching
• Research bias
• Two-stage process
• Systematic review