Association of Income with Post-Stroke Cognition and the Underlying Neuroanatomical Mechanism

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between income and post-stroke cognition at 3 months, and the underlying neuroanatomical mechanism. Methods: Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled and analyzed. Baseline information on income and neuroimaging measurements with predictive values for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were collected within 7 days of the admission. Three months after the index stroke, all participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological test battery. The associations between income and PSCI and between income and brain structural measurements were investigated. Results: A total of 294 patients were recruited for this study. Lower income was independently associated with poor cognitive performance on Stroop tests, Clinical Dementia Rating, Boston Naming Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. Regarding neuroimaging parameters, lower income was associated with a lower total brain volume (TBV)/total intracranial volume (TICV) ratio (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Lower income is associated with an increased chance of post-stroke cognitive decline, particularly in executive function and language domains. Since global brain atrophy (measured by TBV/TICV ratio) is a strong predictor for PSCI, its correlation with income may help explain the neuroanatomical mechanism between income and post-stroke cognition.

Keywords

• income
• socioeconomic status
• global brain atrophy
• post-stroke cognition
• post-stroke cognitive impairment