Measurement report: Production and loss of atmospheric formaldehyde at a suburban site of Shanghai in summertime

Y. Wu; J. Huo; G. Yang; Y. Wang; L. Wang; S. Wu; L. Yao; Q. Fu; L. Wang; L. Wang; L. Wang; L. Wang; L. Wang

doi:10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Mar 2023)

Measurement report: Production and loss of atmospheric formaldehyde at a suburban site of Shanghai in summertime

Y. Wu,
J. Huo,
G. Yang,
Y. Wang,
L. Wang,
S. Wu,
L. Yao,
Q. Fu,
L. Wang,
L. Wang,
L. Wang,
L. Wang,
L. Wang

Affiliations

Y. Wu: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
J. Huo: Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
G. Yang: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Y. Wang: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
L. Wang: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
S. Wu: Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
L. Yao: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Q. Fu: Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
L. Wang: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangwan Campus, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
L. Wang: Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, China
L. Wang: Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
L. Wang: IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
L. Wang: National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2997-2023
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 23
pp. 2997 – 3014

Abstract

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important trace gas that affects the abundance of HO2 radicals and ozone, leads to complex photochemical processes, and yields a variety of secondary atmospheric pollutants. In a 2021 summer campaign at the Dianshan Lake (DSL) Air Quality Monitoring Supersite in a suburban area of Shanghai, China, we measured atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) by a commercial Aero-Laser formaldehyde monitor, methane, and a range of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). Ambient HCHO showed a significant diurnal cycle with an average concentration of 2.2 ± 1.8 ppbv (parts per billion by volume). During the time period with the most intensive photochemistry (10:00–16:00 LT), secondary production of HCHO was estimated to account for approximately 69.6 % according to a multi-linear regression method based on ambient measurements of HCHO, acetylene (C2H2), and ozone (O3). The average secondary HCHO production rate was estimated to be 0.73 ppbv h−1 during the whole campaign (including daytime and nighttime), with a dominant contribution from reactions between alkenes and OH radicals (66.3 %), followed by OH-radical-initiated reactions with alkanes and aromatics (together 19.0 %), OH-radical-initiated reactions with oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs; 8.7 %), and ozonolysis of alkenes (6.0 %). An overall HCHO loss, including HCHO photolysis, reactions with OH radicals, and dry deposition, was estimated to be 0.49 ppbv h−1. Calculated net HCHO production rates were in relatively good agreement with the observed rates of HCHO concentration change throughout the sunny days, indicating that HCHO was approximately produced by oxidation of the 24 hydrocarbons we took into account at the DSL site during the campaign, whereas calculated net HCHO production rates prevailed over the observed rates of HCHO concentration change in the morning/midday hours on the cloudy and rainy days, indicating a missing loss term, most likely due to HCHO wet deposition. Our results suggest the important role of secondary pollution in the suburbs of Shanghai, where alkenes are likely key precursors for HCHO.

Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ISSN: 1680-7316 (Print); 1680-7324 (Online)
Publisher: Copernicus Publications
Country of publisher: Germany
LCC subjects: Science: Physics; Science: Chemistry
Website: http://www.atmospheric-chemistry-and-physics.net/

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