Nutrición Hospitalaria (Jun 2007)
Exceso de peso y patologías asociadas en mujeres adultas Overweight and associated pathologies in adult women
Abstract
El exceso de peso, representa un problema de salud de importancia en países desarrollados, por ser un factor de riesgo, de alta prevalencia, para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles del adulto, que afectan a ambos sexos, sobre todo al femenino. Objetivo: Asociar el grado de exceso de peso con la presencia de comorbilidades en mujeres adultas. Metodología: 130 mujeres, edad 25 a 70 años, eíndice de masa corporal (IMC) > 25 kg/m². Se evaluó peso, talla, circunferencia de brazo, cintura, cadera, pliegues tricipital y subescapular. Se determinó IMC, índice cintura/cadera (IC/C) y área grasa. El exceso de peso fue clasificado según la OMS; se evaluó la presencia de diabetes mellitus (DM); hipertensión arterial (HTA), dislipidemias y artropatías. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 11.0. Resultados: El 24,6% (n = 32) presentó sobrepeso; 38,5% (n = 50) obesidad I; 23,8% (n = 31) obesidad II; 13,1% (n = 17) obesidad III. El 80,8% presentó alguna comorbilidad; 46,9% (n = 61) dislipidemia; 42,3% (n = 55) HTA; 33,1% (n = 43) artropatías; 16,2% (n = 21) DM. Los grupos con sobrepeso (SP) y obesidad I, presentaron mayor frecuencia de dislipidemia, (56%) y (52%) respectivamente; mientras que en obesidad II (ObII) y obesidad III (ObIII), el 38,7% y 47,1% presentó HTA, respectivamente. Hubo correlación positiva (Spearman) entre DM, HTA y dislipidemia (p Overweight and obesity represent an important public health problem in the world, including developed and underdeveloped countries, as contributing factors for non transmissible chronic illnesses in the adult, affecting both sexes, but especially to women. Objective: To associate excess in weight to the presence of comorbidities in adult women. Methodology: 130 women, age 25 to 70 years with body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m² were assessed. Weight, height, arm, waist and hip circumferences, tricipital and subescapular skinfolds. BMI, waist/hip ratio (W/H ratio) and fatty area were determined. Presence of diabetes mellitus (DM); high blood pressure (HBP), dyslipidemia and arthropathy were assessed. Overweight and obesity were classified according to OMS criteria. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 11.0. Results: 24,6% of women (n = 32) were overweight; 38,5% (n = 50) were obese I; 23,8% (n = 31) were obese II; and 13,1% (n = 17) had obesity III. Associated pathologies were present in 80,8% of the studied women: 46,9% (n = 61) with dyslipidemia; 42,3% (n = 55) with HBP; 33,1% (n = 43) with arthropaties; and 16,2% (n = 21) with DM. Overweight and obese I women showed a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (56%) and (52%), respectively; while in Obese II and Obese III, 38,7% and 47,1% presented HBP respectively. There was a positive correlation (Spearman) among DM, HBP and dyslipidemia (p < 0,05) with age; and significant correlation (Pearson, p < 0,05) between W/H ratio and DM. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of associated pathologies in the valued women, being the most frequent dyslipidemia, HBP and arthropathy, which are directly proportional with the age and the IC/C.
