Semantic Features and Time Concept in Gerund Structures in Russian and Turkish Languages

Abstract

The gerund in Turkish consists of words which are formed by some verb suffixes and which do not indicate person and time. These words function as adverbs and affect the meaning of the predicate in sentences in different ways. The gerund in Russian language does not have person, time and mood categories, but has aspect category and voice of verb, which reflect the various procedural features according to its meaning and context. Judging by the definitions of the gerund in both languages there seems to be a similarity between the two languages in terms of the features of verbs and adverbs. However, when the characteristics of the use of these structures are examined in more detail, it is seen that there are differences in this structure in both languages. These differences are grouped into three main groups: structural, semantic and functional differences. Another difference between the two languages is time relations between the actions. The meaning of time is considered in the framework of absolute and relative time concepts. In this respect, the concept of time in verbal adverb structures can be considered in two ways. The first is the expression of the action within the time when it takes place, and the second is the expression of the action in the form of the speaker's perception of the event. In this respect, the gerund in the compound sentence can use some time relations in order to express a certain time period to express some time relations, or it can use the aspect before or after time. This study considers the semantic features and time concept in verbal adverb structures in Russian and Turkish languages. Within the framework of these concepts, the aim of the study is to find out similarities and differences between the two languages, and in this way to provide a better understanding of Russian verbal adverb structures.

Keywords

• Zarf-Fiil
• Görünüş
• Mutlak Zaman
• Göreceli Zaman
• Rusça
• Türkçe