Recent advances in subtyping of biliary tract carcinoma

Abstract

Biliary tract carcinoma exhibits high heterogeneity at the genomic, epigenetic, and molecular expression levels. The patients even with the same pathological morphology and clinical stage of biliary tract malignant tumors have substantial differences in the treatment response and prognosis. Traditional pathological histology and clinical classifications are no longer sufficient to meet the demands of the precision medicine era. Molecular subtyping has the potential to provide more personalized cancer treatment strategies. It not only helps to reveal the mechanisms of tumor development and accurately predict disease prognosis, but also plays a crucial role in guiding the development of novel targeted drugs and implementing targeted therapies for specific tumors. With the ongoing development of precision medicine, the role of molecular subtyping in cancer diagnosis, treatment option, and prognosis assessment is increasingly prominent. This paper systematically reviewed the recent progress in the molecular subtyping of biliary tract malignant tumors based on domestic and international clinical and basic research.

Keywords

• |biliary tract carcinoma|clinical classification|pathological histology classification|molecular subtyping|precision therapy