An Exploratory Ecological Study between COVID-19 Vaccination Rate and Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Status Neighborhood Conditions in Michigan

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccination rate disparities continue to persist in the U.S., despite their wide availability. A multidimensional host of sociodemographic, economic, political, and cultural factors have resulted in differences in vaccine coverage rates across the U.S. The present study descriptively explores one component of the complex relationship among what drives COVID-19 vaccination rate differences—specifically, the relationship between neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics and vaccination rates in Michigan. Data from the 2019 5-Year American Community Survey are merged with vaccine coverage rate data at the census tract level for the 18-years-and-older population for Michigan from 15 December 2020 to 19 November 2021. On the one hand, the results reveal that a neighborhood’s racial and ethnic composition and socioeconomic status characteristics are part of the complex bundle of characteristics affecting neighborhood vaccination coverage rates across Michigan. On the other hand, the findings also reveal a set of surprising patterns as they relate to the racial and ethnic composition of neighborhoods in Michigan. Future studies should further explore the extent to which race/ethnicity and class-related neighborhood characteristics are statistically relevant in examining the broader community effects on vaccine coverage rates in Michigan.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• race/ethnicity
• socioeconomic status
• neighborhoods
• Michigan