Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Plays an Important Role in the Laminin-Dependent Development of Dorsal Root Ganglia during Chicken Embryogenesis

Abstract

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is mainly localized in focal adhesions where it interacts and modulates the downstream signaling of integrins affecting cell migration, adhesion, and survival. The interaction of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells, being part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins is crucial for proper PNS development. A few studies have focused on ILK’s role in PNS development, but none of these have focused on chicken. Therefore, we decided to investigate ILK’s role in the development of Gallus gallus domesticus’s DRG. First, using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and in situ hybridization, we show that ILK is expressed in DRG. Next, by immunocytochemistry, we show ILK’s localization both intracellularly and on the cell membrane of DRG neurons and Schwann cell precursors (SCPs). Finally, we describe ILK’s involvement in multiple aspects of DRG development by performing functional experiments in vitro. IgG-mediated interruption of ILK’s action improved DRG neurite outgrowth, modulated their directionality, stimulated SCPs migration, and impacted growth cone morphology in the presence of laminin-1 or laminin-1 mimicking peptide IKVAV. Taken together, our results show that ILK is important for chicken PNS development, probably via its exposure to the ECM.

Keywords

• integrin-linked kinase (ILK)
• laminin
• peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
• axonal outgrowth
• Schwann cell precursors (SCPs)