Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems (Mar 2024)

UREA TREATMENT OF MATURE WHOLE-CROP CEREAL MIXTURES AS SALVAGE FORAGE FOR SMALL-SCALE DAIRY SYSTEMS IN THE DRY SEASON

  • Yessica Guadalupe Zamora-Juárez,
  • Mónica Arias-Ávila,
  • Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán,
  • Carlos Galdino Martínez-García,
  • Felipe López González

DOI
https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5098
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 27, no. 2

Abstract

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Background: Forage from small-grain cereals is an option to diversify feeding strategies in small-scale dairy systems (SSDS), due to their short cycle and ample adaptation. Mixtures of cereal species may have synergic advantages; however, grazing or ensiling is not always possible due to climatic factors, so forage crops are left to mature and lose quality. Urea treatment of whole-crop mature cereal mixtures may be an option to salvage forage that could not be grazed or ensiled. Objective: To evaluate the performance of dairy cows fed urea-treated mature whole-crop forage mixtures of triticale (TRT), rye (RYE), and barley (BLY), in the dry season for SSDS. Methodology: Treatment mixtures were TRT+RYE, TRT-BLY, and RYE+BLY. Fully mature cereal mixture crops were treated with 4 - 6% granular urea (plus water) on a fresh basis. Forage variables were analysed with a split-plot design. Whole-crop forage yields were 3.4 ton/ha, with highest yields for RYE-BLY. Crude protein content increased two-fold in treated forages, and dry matter digestibility was moderate with a mean estimated ME content of 7.9 MJ ME/kg DM. Performance was evaluated by an on-farm 3x3 Latin square experimental design repeated 3 times with nine Holstein cows, experimental periods were 14 days, of which 10 days were for adaptation to feeding and 4 days for sampling. Cows were offered daily 9.0 kg DM of urea-treated forage; complemented with 4.4 kg DM of concentrate, day-grazing, and 1.5 kg of cut pasture. Results: There were no statistical differences (P>0.05) for any of the animal variables. Urea treatment of whole-crop mature cereal mixtures resulted in a complementary moderate quality salvage forage for the dry season. Implications: The present study is presented as an alternative when the crops are in a state of advanced maturation and it is intended to modify the nutritional quality of the forages. Conclusion: The use of urea can be an alternative to improve the nutritional quality of forages.

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