The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Ground-based and JWST Observations of SN 2022pul. II. Evidence from Nebular Spectroscopy for a Violent Merger in a Peculiar Type Ia Supernova
- Lindsey A. Kwok,
- Matthew R. Siebert,
- Joel Johansson,
- Saurabh W. Jha,
- Stéphane Blondin,
- Luc Dessart,
- Ryan J. Foley,
- D. John Hillier,
- Conor Larison,
- Rüdiger Pakmor,
- Tea Temim,
- Jennifer E. Andrews,
- Katie Auchettl,
- Carles Badenes,
- Barna Barnabas,
- K. Azalee Bostroem,
- Max J. Brenner Newman,
- Thomas G. Brink,
- María José Bustamante-Rosell,
- Yssavo Camacho-Neves,
- Alejandro Clocchiatti,
- David A. Coulter,
- Kyle W. Davis,
- Maxime Deckers,
- Georgios Dimitriadis,
- Yize Dong,
- Joseph Farah,
- Alexei V. Filippenko,
- Andreas Flörs,
- Ori D. Fox,
- Peter Garnavich,
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez,
- Or Graur,
- Franz-Josef Hambsch,
- Griffin Hosseinzadeh,
- D. Andrew Howell,
- John P. Hughes,
- Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf,
- Xavier K. Saux,
- Keiichi Maeda,
- Kate Maguire,
- Curtis McCully,
- Cassidy Mihalenko,
- Megan Newsome,
- John T. O’Brien,
- Jeniveve Pearson,
- Craig Pellegrino,
- Justin D. R. Pierel,
- Abigail Polin,
- Armin Rest,
- César Rojas-Bravo,
- David J. Sand,
- Michaela Schwab,
- Melissa Shahbandeh,
- Manisha Shrestha,
- Nathan Smith,
- Louis-Gregory Strolger,
- Tamás Szalai,
- Kirsty Taggart,
- Giacomo Terreran,
- Jacco H. Terwel,
- Samaporn Tinyanont,
- Stefano Valenti,
- József Vinkó,
- J. Craig Wheeler,
- Yi Yang,
- WeiKang Zheng,
- Chris Ashall,
- James M. DerKacy,
- Lluís Galbany,
- Peter Hoeflich,
- Thomas de Jaeger,
- Jing Lu,
- Justyn Maund,
- Kyle Medler,
- Nidia Morell,
- Benjamin J. Shappee,
- Maximilian Stritzinger,
- Nicholas Suntzeff,
- Michael Tucker,
- Lifan Wang
Affiliations
- Lindsey A. Kwok
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Matthew R. Siebert
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- Joel Johansson
- ORCiD
- Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Saurabh W. Jha
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Stéphane Blondin
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
- Luc Dessart
- ORCiD
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS-Sorbonne Université , 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- Ryan J. Foley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- D. John Hillier
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh , 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Conor Larison
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Rüdiger Pakmor
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics , Garching, Germany
- Tea Temim
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540-7219, USA
- Jennifer E. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA
- Katie Auchettl
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA; School of Physics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Carles Badenes
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh , 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Barna Barnabas
- ORCiD
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- K. Azalee Bostroem
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Max J. Brenner Newman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Thomas G. Brink
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- María José Bustamante-Rosell
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- Yssavo Camacho-Neves
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Alejandro Clocchiatti
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Astrophysics , Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- David A. Coulter
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- Kyle W. Davis
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- Maxime Deckers
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
- Georgios Dimitriadis
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
- Yize Dong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- Joseph Farah
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Alexei V. Filippenko
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Andreas Flörs
- ORCiD
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung , Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Ori D. Fox
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- Peter Garnavich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Estefania Padilla Gonzalez
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Or Graur
- ORCiD
- Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK; Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
- Franz-Josef Hambsch
- ORCiD
- Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS) , Oostmeers 122 C, 8000 Brugge, Belgium; AAVSO , 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Suite 410, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Groupe Européen d’Observations Stellaires (GEOS) , 23 Parc de Levesville, 28300 Bailleau l’Evêque, France; Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Veränderliche Sterne (BAV) , Munsterdamm 90, 12169 Berlin, Germany
- Griffin Hosseinzadeh
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- D. Andrew Howell
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- John P. Hughes
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Wolfgang E. Kerzendorf
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Xavier K. Saux
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- Keiichi Maeda
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University , Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Kate Maguire
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
- Curtis McCully
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Cassidy Mihalenko
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Megan Newsome
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- John T. O’Brien
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Jeniveve Pearson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Craig Pellegrino
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Justin D. R. Pierel
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- Abigail Polin
- ORCiD
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institute for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101-1232, USA; TAPIR , Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, 350-17, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Armin Rest
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- César Rojas-Bravo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- David J. Sand
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Michaela Schwab
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA ; [email protected]
- Melissa Shahbandeh
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- Manisha Shrestha
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Nathan Smith
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Louis-Gregory Strolger
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USA
- Tamás Szalai
- ORCiD
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; HUN-REN–SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , Szegedi út, Kt. 766, 6500 Baja, Hungary
- Kirsty Taggart
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, USA
- Giacomo Terreran
- ORCiD
- Las Cumbres Observatory , 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA; Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
- Jacco H. Terwel
- ORCiD
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland; Isaac Newton Group (ING) , Apt. de correos 321, E-38700, Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
- Samaporn Tinyanont
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
- Stefano Valenti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
- József Vinkó
- ORCiD
- Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , Dóm tér 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK) , MTA Center of Excellence, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest 1117 Hungary; Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- J. Craig Wheeler
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Yi Yang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- WeiKang Zheng
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA
- Chris Ashall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- James M. DerKacy
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics , Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Lluís Galbany
- ORCiD
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Peter Hoeflich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA
- Thomas de Jaeger
- ORCiD
- LPNHE, (CNRS/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité) , Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, 75005 Paris, France
- Jing Lu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Justyn Maund
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- Kyle Medler
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Nidia Morell
- ORCiD
- Carnegie Observatories , Las Campanas Observatory, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile
- Benjamin J. Shappee
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA
- Maximilian Stritzinger
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Nicholas Suntzeff
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy , College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Michael Tucker
- ORCiD
- Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Lifan Wang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics & Astronomy , College Station, TX 77843, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad2c0d
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 966,
no. 1
p. 135
Abstract
We present an analysis of ground-based and JWST observations of SN 2022pul, a peculiar “03fg-like” (or “super-Chandrasekhar”) Type Ia supernova (SN Ia), in the nebular phase at 338 days postexplosion. Our combined spectrum continuously covers 0.4–14 μ m and includes the first mid-infrared spectrum of a 03fg-like SN Ia. Compared to normal SN Ia 2021aefx, SN 2022pul exhibits a lower mean ionization state, asymmetric emission-line profiles, stronger emission from the intermediate-mass elements (IMEs) argon and calcium, weaker emission from iron-group elements (IGEs), and the first unambiguous detection of neon in a SN Ia. A strong, broad, centrally peaked [Ne ii ] line at 12.81 μ m was previously predicted as a hallmark of “violent merger” SN Ia models, where dynamical interaction between two sub- M _Ch white dwarfs (WDs) causes disruption of the lower-mass WD and detonation of the other. The violent merger scenario was already a leading hypothesis for 03fg-like SNe Ia; in SN 2022pul it can explain the large-scale ejecta asymmetries seen between the IMEs and IGEs and the central location of narrow oxygen and broad neon. We modify extant models to add clumping of the ejecta to reproduce the optical iron emission better, and add mass in the innermost region (<2000 km s ^−1 ) to account for the observed narrow [O i ] λ λ 6300, 6364 emission. A violent WD–WD merger explains many of the observations of SN 2022pul, and our results favor this model interpretation for the subclass of 03fg-like SNe Ia.
Keywords
