Espacio y Desarrollo (Apr 2008)
Evolução do processo de ocupação da soja de 2000 a 2006 em Campo Novo dos Parecis - Mato Grosso, através do sensoriamento remoto
Abstract
This research is about the soybean spatialization and spread in a 6-year period in the district Campo Novo dos Parecis located in flat areas of the Plateau and Chapada dos Parecis, covered by cerrado vegetation on dystrophic-hallic quartzous sands and Dark-Red Latossolos. It also refers to the environmental and social impacts created and worsened as new areas are added to the productive process, giving place to a more and more modern landscape with the presence of a top technology as a way of achieving a bigger productivity for exportation and to the exclusion of the traditional rural population to the cities. The supervised classification in Spring 4.3 was made in the Landsat-TM5 satellite images with 30 x 30 m resolution in 2000 and CBERS with 20 x 20 m resolution in 2006, with a final scale of 1:500.000. In large and medium size properties, mechanized agriculture associated to entrepreneurs and wealthy families predominate presenting similar occupation characteristics among them. From the results obtained in the total area, the soybean yield rose from 35,66% in 2000 to 48,32% in 2006. The prevailing natural cerrado vegetation, in 2000 was approximately of 59,18%, falling to 41,07% in 2006, it also presents an increment of the modified and remnant vegetation. The district was already undertaken by soja plantation in year 2000, and there was no other place to expand. Then, it took over grazing fields, deforesting and occupying the Utiariti Indian territory. In 2000, this land was preserved from soja, being cultivated with only traditional crops, that represented 1,28% of the area, rising to 6% in 2006 with the mechanized soybean. The partnership of the Indians with the great farmers in the use of this high technified yield resulted in deforestation and fragmentation of the cerrado with yearly increments to areas that were used as refuge and preservation of this cerrado vegetation which is rapidly disappearing. There is also a worsening of cultural and social differences and the appearance of prostitution and diseases like Aids, syphilis and drugs. Soybean has simplified and fragmented the natural vegetation with losses in biodiversity and of much valued economical, industrial and pharmaceutical species. It also, contributes to erosion processes, soil losses, silting and change in the hydrological regime of rivers, as well as the contamination of both water and soil caused by the agro toxics.
