Imprinting knots in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate via a Raman process without knotted optical fields

Abstract

We propose a dynamical imprinting scheme to create nodal lines of torus and lemniscate knots via a Raman process in a dilute spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. We calculate the desired parameters and the necessary spatial profiles of the Raman laser fields that couple a realistic multilevel atomic system, and demonstrate the imprinting results via a numerical calculation. Additionally, we show the capability of our method to adjust the size and the aspect ratio of the knotted nodal lines by tuning the parameters of Raman lasers that propagate along different directions.