STRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY OF SOME REFERENCE ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEXES OF THE GOLDEN HORDE SOLKHAT BASED ON EXCAVATIONS IN 1978-2023

Abstract

The article presents the results of an analysis of materials from excavations of some reference archaeological complexes of the Golden Horde city of Solkhat. During long-term systematic studies of the Golden Horde capital of Crimea, a great number of archaeological materials was obtained, which were only partially introduced into scientifi c circulation. Based on these studies, analysis of architectural monuments, materials from written sources and cartographic data, a basic chronology of the history of Solkhat was compiled. At the same time, the publication of a number of materials and analysis of the stratigraphic situation makes it possible to specify and detail the chronology of some representative complexes of the city. For the analysis in this publication, we used excavation data from the central part of the city: the madrasah-mosque of Uzbek, the so-called «Beybars mosque». The archaeological complexes from the outskirts of the city are also indicative: materials from the excavations of a caravanserai, a mausoleum on the off shoot of Maly Agarmysh mountain and a medieval bathhouse. For the analysis of stratigraphy and chronology, mainly closed archaeological complexes were selected: household pits, dugouts, separate cultural layers covered by later structures and leveling surfaces. This made it possible to identify a certain set of fi nds (mostly mass material) that are chronological indicators. Correlation of data from these complexes with materials from other objects both on the territory of Solkhat and beyond will help determine the cultural and chronological affi liation of these archaeological sites and the fi nds discovered on them during excavations.

Keywords

• archaeology
• ulus of jochi
• golden horde
• solkhat
• crimea
• stratigraphy
• chronology