JPhys Energy (Jan 2024)
Roadmap on multivalent batteries
- M Rosa Palacin,
- Patrik Johansson,
- Robert Dominko,
- Ben Dlugatch,
- Doron Aurbach,
- Zhenyou Li,
- Maximilian Fichtner,
- Olivera Lužanin,
- Jan Bitenc,
- Zhixuan Wei,
- Clarissa Glaser,
- Jürgen Janek,
- Ana Fernández-Barquín,
- Aroa R Mainar,
- Olatz Leonet,
- Idoia Urdampilleta,
- J Alberto Blázquez,
- Deyana S Tchitchekova,
- Alexandre Ponrouch,
- Pieremanuele Canepa,
- Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam,
- Raúl San Román Gallego Casilda,
- Cynthia S Martinez-Cisneros,
- Nieves Ureña Torres,
- Alejandro Varez,
- Jean-Yves Sanchez,
- Kostiantyn V Kravchyk,
- Maksym V Kovalenko,
- Anastasia A Teck,
- Huw Shiel,
- Ifan E L Stephens,
- Mary P Ryan,
- Eugen Zemlyanushin,
- Sonia Dsoke,
- Rebecca Grieco,
- Nagaraj Patil,
- Rebeca Marcilla,
- Xuan Gao,
- Claire J Carmalt,
- Guanjie He,
- Maria-Magdalena Titirici
Affiliations
- M Rosa Palacin
- ORCiD
- Institut de Ciéncia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB , 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Patrik Johansson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; ALISTORE-European Research Institute , CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 80039 Amiens, France
- Robert Dominko
- ORCiD
- ALISTORE-European Research Institute , CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 80039 Amiens, France; National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana Večna pot 113, Slovenia
- Ben Dlugatch
- Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Doron Aurbach
- Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Zhenyou Li
- ORCiD
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage , Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, People’s Republic of China
- Maximilian Fichtner
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage , Helmholtzstraße 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Olivera Lužanin
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana Večna pot 113, Slovenia
- Jan Bitenc
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana Večna pot 113, Slovenia
- Zhixuan Wei
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Clarissa Glaser
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Ana Fernández-Barquín
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). P Miramón, 196 , Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Aroa R Mainar
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). P Miramón, 196 , Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Olatz Leonet
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). P Miramón, 196 , Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Idoia Urdampilleta
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). P Miramón, 196 , Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- J Alberto Blázquez
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). P Miramón, 196 , Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Deyana S Tchitchekova
- ORCiD
- Institut de Ciéncia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB , 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Alexandre Ponrouch
- ORCiD
- Institut de Ciéncia de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB , 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Pieremanuele Canepa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore , 117575, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 117585, Singapore
- Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
- Raúl San Román Gallego Casilda
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
- Cynthia S Martinez-Cisneros
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
- Nieves Ureña Torres
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
- Alejandro Varez
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
- Jean-Yves Sanchez
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid , Madrid, Spain; University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI , 38 000 Grenoble, France
- Kostiantyn V Kravchyk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Anastasia A Teck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Huw Shiel
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Ifan E L Stephens
- ORCiD
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Mary P Ryan
- ORCiD
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Eugen Zemlyanushin
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Sonia Dsoke
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Department of Electrical Energy Storage , Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH) , Emmy-Noether-Straße, 279110 Freiburg, Germany
- Rebecca Grieco
- ORCiD
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy , Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
- Nagaraj Patil
- ORCiD
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy , Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
- Rebeca Marcilla
- ORCiD
- Electrochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy , Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
- Xuan Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Claire J Carmalt
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Guanjie He
- ORCiD
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London , London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom; Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- ORCiD
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ad34fc
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 6,
no. 3
p. 031501
Abstract
Battery technologies based in multivalent charge carriers with ideally two or three electrons transferred per ion exchanged between the electrodes have large promises in raw performance numbers, most often expressed as high energy density, and are also ideally based on raw materials that are widely abundant and less expensive. Yet, these are still globally in their infancy, with some concepts (e.g. Mg metal) being more technologically mature. The challenges to address are derived on one side from the highly polarizing nature of multivalent ions when compared to single valent concepts such as Li ^+ or Na ^+ present in Li-ion or Na-ion batteries, and on the other, from the difficulties in achieving efficient metal plating/stripping (which remains the holy grail for lithium). Nonetheless, research performed to date has given some fruits and a clearer view of the challenges ahead. These include technological topics (production of thin and ductile metal foil anodes) but also chemical aspects (electrolytes with high conductivity enabling efficient plating/stripping) or high-capacity cathodes with suitable kinetics (better inorganic hosts for intercalation of such highly polarizable multivalent ions). This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in the different technologies, which exhibit similarities but also striking differences, of the current state of the art in 2023 and the research directions and strategies currently underway to develop multivalent batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges, potential bottlenecks, and also emerging opportunities for their practical deployment.
Keywords
