Vitae (Jan 2008)
BAJA GENOTOXICIDAD DE EXTRACTO ORGÁNICO DE AGUA DE MAR DE COVEÑAS (SUCRE, COLOMBIA) LOW GENOTOXICITY OF ORGANIC SEA WATER EXTRACTS FROM COVEÑAS (SUCRE, COLOMBIA)
Abstract
El agua de mar natural se utiliza en algunos países iberoamericanos como elemento nutritivo y terapéutico, y en los países desarrollados se usa como complemento nutricional de forma refinada y comercial. Los estudios de ingesta de agua de mar tratada muestran que no hay toxicidad; sin embargo, el uso de agua cercana a las playas representa un riesgo para la salud debido a la polución de los centros urbanos. En este estudio se emplearon linfocitos humanos y la electroforesis de células individuales (ensayo cometa), para comparar la genotoxicidad de un extracto orgánico de agua de mar tomada de la orilla respecto a muestras obtenidas mar adentro en el pequeño municipio de Coveñas-Sucre, Colombia, que vierte sus aguas domésticas directamente al mar o a pozos sépticos. Se observa genotoxicidad a 37 ºC pero no a 4 ºC, este efecto es dependiente de la concentración del extracto (pNatural sea water is used as a nutritive and therapeutic element in Ibero-American countries, and commercial, refined sea water as a nutritional complement in developed countries. Although treated sea water has no toxicity, as demonstrated by previous sea water ingestion studies, consumption of near-shore seawater poses a health risk due to pollution of nearby urban centers. In this study, human lymphocytes and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) were used to compare the genotoxicity of an organic sea water extract taken near shore with that of sea water samples taken offshore in the small municipality of Coveñas (Sucre, Colombian), where domestic waters are flushed directly into the sea or into septic tanks. Genotoxicity was observed at 37°C, but not at 4°C. This effect depends on the concentration of extract (p<0.0001), the sampling site (p=0.0026), and the interaction of these two factors (p=0.0001). The lowest genotoxicity was observed in offshore organic samples. The cytotoxicity of sea water organic extracts was very low compared to that of the freshwater samples from the water supply system in Medellín (Colombia).
