Factors associated with anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients

Abstract

Introduction: chemotherapy-induced heart disease is a common complication and the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Objective: to determine the factors associated with the onset of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines at Celestino Hernández Robau Teaching Cancer Hospital during 2018. Method: an observational, analytical, case-control study was conducted during the months of January 2018 to February 2019, at “Celestino Hernández Robau” Teaching Cancer Hospital, Villa Clara. The population was comprised of 89 patients with breast cancer diagnosed during 2018 treated with anthracyclines, from which a sample of 52 patients was chosen. Results: there was a statistically significant relationship between variables such as history of high blood pressure (p=0,021, OR: 1,901, CI: 1,056-3,412), obesity (p=0,001, OR: 2,032, CI: 1,596-4,178), left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0,004, OR: 4,032; CI: 1,569-6,178), maximum corrected QT (p=0,073), diastolic dysfunction (p=0,025; OR 3,545; CI 1,346-5,687) and LVEF (p=0,012), which were associated with the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in the study sample. Conclusions: history of hypertension, obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, as well as LVEF and corrected QT values, predispose the appearance of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines.

Keywords

• cardiotoxicidad
• antraciclinas
• neoplasias de la mama
• efectos colaterales y reacciones adversas relacionados con medicamentos
• trastornos químicamente inducidos