Microbiota in Health and Disease (Mar 2023)
Antimicrobial drug resistance from food sources
Abstract
Objective: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) happens when microbes, infections, organisms, and parasites change over the long run, becoming resistant to any drug, as well as making contaminations harder to treat and expanding the danger of the disease spreading, severity, and death. Because of medication obstruction and anti-infection agents, antimicrobial drugs become ineffectual, and diseases become progressively troublesome or difficult to treat. AMR keeps on representing a public health concern because of high mortality rate and expensive treatments. Food assumes a significant part in the transmission of commensal microorganisms yet in addition, food-borne microbes include zoonotic organic entities. The aim of this meta-analysis review is to report the predominance of antimicrobial resistance in food from animals and a few vegetables from India and to compare the data with countries like Switzerland and Taiwan. Material and Methods: To evaluate AMR pervasiveness in retail food a literature review survey of information distributed in the range of 2013 to 2020 was done. The research articles were identified through Google scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate. The Keywords AMR, INDIA, food source like seafood, goat meat, chicken meat, pork, raw eggs, milk, and vegetables were used for the search. Results: Out of the 63 eligible studies, 10 articles (all articles from India) were included in this review. A total of 2,126 AMR tests were collected for various bacteria found in various food products. Nine distinct bacteria and resistance to about 13 different antimicrobial agents/drugs were identified. The sample sources, bacterial species, and their proportion are displayed in Tables 1. In these 9 distinct microorganisms, 1800 microorganism isolates of which 611 samples and 698 isolates were AMR positive. A middle AMR commonness of >50% was noticed for meat and fish with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Streptococci, Vibrio spp, and Shigella. Conclusions: AMR potential for Gram-negative foodborne bacteria was found in raw meat, milk, fish, and certain matured dairy products. To enable an expanded AMR hazard appraisal for customers, AMR genetics attributes are suggested to be better coordinated into regulated One Health AMR observation and alleviation systems.
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