Outcome in valve surgery at the General Hospital of Mexico: A retrospective review

Abstract

Introduction: In cardiac surgery, valvular procedures rank second place in Europe and North America and first place in Mexico. The objective was to identify the clinical and surgical results of patients undergoing valvular surgery. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and retrolective study was performed. Records of patients undergoing valvular surgery in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit of the General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga were included, during the period from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018. The patient records used included demographic characteristics, diagnosis, functional class, death, cardiovascular risk factors, post-operative complications, and survival. Results: A total of 163 patient records with valvular surgery were found, with an average age of 54 years ± 14, 54.6% were male. The main risk factors were obesity and systemic arterial hypertension. The most affected valve was the aortic and degenerative etiology. After valve replacement, 90% of patients remained in functional Class I and II. Complications such as respiratory infections, postsurgical bleeding, and sepsis were identified. The average hospital stay was 21 days ± 14 with a survival of 70% at 5 years, where the determinants were the functional class (p = 0.0001), the post-operative complications (p = 0.0001), and the post-operative follow-up (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The survival of the patients improved significantly after the resolution of valvulopathy, with a favorable impact on the functional class and its post-surgical follow-up.

Keywords

• Cardiovascular disease. Cardiac surgery. Valve prosthesis. Survival. Surgical complications.