Frontiers in Immunology (Mar 2024)

Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the school community in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, October 2021–November 2022

  • Claudia Stutz,
  • Claudia Stutz,
  • Daniel Maximo Correa Alcantara,
  • Camila Maria dos Santos,
  • Jaire Marinho Torres,
  • Rudielle Rodrigues,
  • Glaucia Elisete Barbosa Marcon,
  • Eduardo de Castro Ferreira,
  • Eduardo de Castro Ferreira,
  • Elaine Cristina Fernandes Baez Sarti,
  • Thiago Fernandes de Oliveira,
  • Flavia Maria Lins Mendes,
  • Everton Ferreira Lemos,
  • Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi,
  • Gislene Garcia de Castro Lichs,
  • Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki Zardin,
  • Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves,
  • Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves,
  • Jislaine de Fátima Guilhermino,
  • Renata Trentin Perdomo,
  • Renata Trentin Perdomo,
  • Zoraida del Carmen Fernandez

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354786
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15

Abstract

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IntroductionWith the reopening of schools during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was imperative to understand the role of students and education professionals in the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we determined the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in the school community in Campo Grande, the capital and most populous city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) and evaluated its association with sex, school level, and school type.Materials and methodsThe survey was carried out in 20 public and private schools in the urban region of Campo Grande using the TR DPP® COVID-19 immunoglobulin M/immunoglobulin G (IgM/IgG) kit from the Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Testing was carried out in three periods: from October to December 2021; from March to July 2022; and from August to November 2022. The participants were students aged 6–17 years enrolled in primary or secondary schools and professionals of different ages and roles.ResultsDuring the first testing period, 162 participants were seropositive for the IgM and/or IgG anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with an estimated seroprevalence of 19.6% using Bayesian multilevel regression. In the second period, 251 participants were seropositive (estimated seroprevalence, 34.6%), while in the third period, 393 participants were seroconverted (estimated seroprevalence, 56.7%). In 2022, there was an increase in the seroconversion rate compared to that in 2021. The most frequently described acute manifestations in the three periods were fever, headache, sore throat, and runny nose. In terms of the demographic profile, there was no predominance of seropositivity between the sexes, although women represented approximately 70% of the study population. There were also no differences between students and school staff.DiscussionThe results made it possible to evaluate the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school community through immunity developed against the virus, in addition to providing information about COVID-19 symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.

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