The Effect of Biomaterials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell Neural Differentiation: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Neural cells are the most important components of the nervous system and have the duty of electrical signal transmission.Damage to these cells can lead to neurological disorders. Scientists have discovered different methods, such as stem celltherapy, to heal or regenerate damaged neural cells. Dental stem cells are among the different cells used in this method.This review attempts to evaluate the effect of biomaterials mentioned in the cited papers on differentiation of human dentalpulp stem cells (hDPSCs) into neural cells for use in stem cell therapy of neurological disorders. We searched internationaldatabases for articles about the effect of biomaterials on neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs. The relevant articles werescreened by title, abstract, and full text, followed by selection and data extraction. Totally, we identified 731 articles and chose18 for inclusion in the study. A total of four studies employed polymeric scaffolds, four assessed chitosan scaffolds (CS),two utilised hydrogel scaffolds, one investigation utilised decellularised extracellular matrix (ECM), and six studies appliedthe floating sphere technique. hDPSCs could heal nerve damage in regenerative medicine. In the third iteration of nerveconduits, scaffolds, stem cells, regulated growth factor release, and ECM proteins restore major nerve damage. hDPSCsmust differentiate into neural cells or neuron-like cells to regenerate nerves. Plastic-adherent cultures, floating dentospherecultures, CS, polymeric scaffolds, hydrogels, and ECM mimics have been used to differentiate hDPSCs. According toour findings, the floating dentosphere technique and 3D-PLAS are currently the two best techniques since they result inneuroprogenitor cells, which are the starting point of differentiation and they can turn into any desired neural cell.

Keywords

• biomaterials
• human dental pulp stem cell
• neural differentiation