JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (Oct 2024)

Protective Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Against COVID-19 Infection: Observational, Nationwide, and Multicenter Study

  • Rundong Qin,
  • Yan Feng,
  • Huanping Zhang,
  • Beibei Zhao,
  • Wei Lei,
  • Hongying Sun,
  • Lili Zhi,
  • Zhongsheng Zheng,
  • Siqin Wang,
  • Yafeng Yu,
  • Shengxue Jiang,
  • Changshan Liu,
  • Xingkai Ma,
  • Hui Ma,
  • Huiying Wang,
  • Hang Lin,
  • Qiaojie He,
  • Lingying Wu,
  • Yingying Zhai,
  • Honglue Lu,
  • Shi Chen,
  • Yan Ma,
  • Xiaohong Jin,
  • Shan Deng,
  • Nanshan Zhong,
  • Ruchong Chen,
  • Jing Li

DOI
https://doi.org/10.2196/50846
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10
pp. e50846 – e50846

Abstract

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Abstract BackgroundAllergic diseases are associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Although allergen immunotherapy (AIT) alters the course of allergies, there is limited evidence from clinical practice demonstrating its ability to enhance the host defense against pathogens. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AIT against viral infection in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AS) based on clinical evidence. MethodsA multicenter, questionnaire-based survey was conducted during a tremendous surge in COVID-19 cases between February 10, 2023, and March 15, 2023, in 81 centers across China recruiting healthy volunteers and patients with AR and AS to investigate the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection. ResultsOf 10,151 participants recruited in the survey, 3654 patients and 2192 healthy volunteers who tested positive for COVID-19 were included in this analysis after screening. Overall, no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes were observed between patients and healthy volunteers. An additional 451 patients were excluded due to their use of biologics as the sole add-on treatment, leaving 3203 patients in the further analysis. Of them, 1752 were undergoing routine medication treatment (RMT; the RMT group), whereas 1057 and 394 were receiving AIT and a combination of AIT and omalizumab (OMA) as adjunct therapies to RMT, respectively (AIT+RMT and AIT+OMA+RMT groups). The AIT group showed milder COVID-19 symptoms, shorter recovery periods, and a lower likelihood of hospitalization or emergency department visits than the RMT group (all PPPP ConclusionsOur multicenter observational study provides valuable clinical evidence supporting the protective effect of AIT against COVID-19 infection in patients with AR and AS.