Jornal de Pediatria (Jun 2004)
Aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta de recém-nascidos internados em berçário de alto risco e os fatores associados a essa prática Exclusive breastfeeding at the point of discharge of high-risk newborns at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the factors associated with this practice
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar as taxas e o padrão de aleitamento materno dos recém-nascidos internados em berçário de alto risco no momento de sua alta hospitalar e analisar os potenciais fatores que interferem na prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados prontuários médicos de 495 recém-nascidos internados no berçário de alto risco da Maternidade Odete Valadares, Minas Gerais, antes e após receber o título de Hospital Amigo da Criança. Foram excluídos os nascidos fora da maternidade e durante o período de transição, crianças ou mães que foram a óbito ou transferidas da instituição e crianças abandonadas e/ou de mães com contra-indicação para amamentar. Foram calculadas razões de chance (odds ratio, OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% a partir de análises bivariadas e multivariadas utilizando a técnica da regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A taxa de aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta passou de 36% no período anterior para 54,6% no período posterior à implementação da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança. Os fatores de risco independentemente associados com ausência de aleitamento exclusivo foram: uso da dieta por sonda (OR = 3,01), número de consultas pré-natais menor que seis (OR = 2,21), uso de translactação (OR = 2,66), peso ao nascer OBJECTIVE: To study the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at the moment of hospital discharge of newborns admitted to a neonatal Intensive Care Unit and to analyze potential risk factors. METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-five medical records were studied, pertaining to neonates born between 1998 and 1999, admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, before and after the implementation of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative policies. Babies born during the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative transition period and outside the Maternity ward were excluded from the study, as were children or mothers who were transferred from the institution, abandoned children and also mothers unfit to breastfeed. Risk factors for non-exclusive breast-feeding at discharge were studied. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The exclusive breastfeeding rate increased from 36% at discharge (before the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative) to 54.7% (after CFHI). The independent risk factors associated with non-exclusive breastfeeding were the use of enteral feeding (OR = 3.01), ante-natal consultations < 6 (OR = 2.75), relactation use (OR = 2.66), birth weight < 2,500 g (OR = 2.64) and being born during the period before Baby-Friendly policies were implemented (OR = 2.75) CONCLUSION: This research shows the potential efficiency of adopting Baby-Friendly policies to increase the chance of successful breastfeeding at the point of discharge for high-risk newborns.
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