Проблеми сучасної психології (Jan 2017)
I. P. Pavlov’s theory of higher nervous activities
Abstract
An overview of I. P. Pavlov’s theory of higher nervous activities was made by the author. It is emphasized that the main principle of the work of the hemispheres, according to I. P. Pavlov, is the formation of temporary nerve bonds or conditioned reflexes. It is noted that processes occurring in the hemispheres of the brain are constantly seeking to unite, to stereotypical unifying activities, and the set of stimuli that enter the hemispheres both from the outside and inside of the body, collide, interact, are systematized and culminated in the formation of a dynamic stereotype. It is shown that a person, by automating his actions, develops skills and habits that facilitate the implementation of consciously directed activities, where dynamic stereotypes play a leading role. It is found out that the development and processing of a dynamic stereotype requires a great deal of work on the nervous system, which can take place over a long period of time and depends on the complexity of the activities, as well as on the individuality and condition of an animal or a person. It is noted that the development and support of a dynamic stereotype is always associated with certain experiences. It is established that the nervous processes that are reflected in the hemispheres of the brain during the formation and maintenance of a dynamic stereotype are the basis of feelings, they determine their character and intensity. The feelings of difficulty, vivacity and tiredness, satisfaction and frustration, joy and despair, etc. are noted to have their own physiological basis for change, the violation of the old dynamic stereotype or the difficulty of establishing a new one. It is found out that a dynamic stereotype is better formed when the stimuli act in a certain system, in a certain sequence and in a certain order. The dynamic stereotype is supported due to observance of certain external order, system and activity mode.
