Design, Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of <i>N</i>-(thiophen-2-yl) Nicotinamide Derivatives

Abstract

Based on the modification of natural products and the active substructure splicing method, a series of new N-(thiophen-2-yl) nicotinamide derivatives were designed and synthesized by splicing the nitrogen-containing heterocycle natural molecule nicotinic acid and the sulfur-containing heterocycle thiophene. The structures of the target compounds were identified through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. The in vivo bioassay results of all the compounds against cucumber downy mildew (CDM, Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk.et Curt.) Rostov.) in a greenhouse indicated that compounds 4a (EC50 = 4.69 mg/L) and 4f (EC50 = 1.96 mg/L) exhibited excellent fungicidal activities which were higher than both diflumetorim (EC50 = 21.44 mg/L) and flumorph (EC50 = 7.55 mg/L). The bioassay results of the field trial against CDM demonstrated that the 10% EC formulation of compound 4f displayed excellent efficacies (70% and 79% control efficacies, respectively, each at 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L) which were superior to those of the two commercial fungicides flumorph (56% control efficacy at 200 mg/L) and mancozeb (76% control efficacy at 1000 mg/L). N-(thiophen-2-yl) nicotinamide derivatives are significant lead compounds that can be used for further structural optimization, and compound 4f is also a promising fungicide candidate against CDM that can be used for further development.

Keywords

• heterocycle
• natural product
• nicotinic acid
• thiophene
• fungicidal activity