Risk Management and Healthcare Policy (Feb 2024)

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Risk Factors and Economic Burden Among Patients with Bloodstream Infections

  • Chen J,
  • Allel K,
  • Zhuo C,
  • Luo W,
  • He N,
  • Yang X,
  • Guo Y,
  • Wang J,
  • Yao L,
  • Li J,
  • Lin Y,
  • Tu R,
  • Yakob L,
  • Zhuo C

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 17
pp. 375 – 385

Abstract

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Jiakang Chen,1,* Kasim Allel,2– 4,* Chuyue Zhuo,1,* Wenwei Luo,5 Nanhao He,1 Xu Yang,1 Yingyi Guo,1 Jiong Wang,1 Likang Yao,1 Jiahui Li,1 Yexin Lin,1 Ruiyang Tu,6 Laith Yakob,2,3 Chao Zhuo1 1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; 3Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; 4Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; 5Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College London, London, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chao Zhuo, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Although Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-EK) significantly contribute to bloodstream infections, their economic repercussions remain largely unquantified.Data Source and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of inpatients diagnosed with Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 in Guangzhou, China. We employed the chi-square test to examine ESBL risk factors and utilized propensity score matching (PSM) to negate baseline confounding factors, assessing economic burden through disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), hospital costs and productivity losses. We employed mediation analysis to eliminate confounding factors and better identify ESBL sources of burden related.Results: We found 166 ESBL-EC/KP BSI patients (52.2% of the total examined 318 patients). Post-PSM analysis revealed that ESBL-producing EC/KP will reduce the effectiveness of empirical medication by 19.8%, extend the total length of hospitalization by an average of 3 days, and increase the patient’s financial burden by US$2047. No significant disparity was found in overall mortality and mean DALYs between the groups. Mediation analysis showed that the link between ESBL and hospital costs is predominantly, if not entirely, influenced by the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay.Conclusion: Patients with BSI due to ESBL-producing ESBL-EK incur higher costs compared to those with non-ESBL-EK BSI. This cost disparity is rooted in varying rates of effective empirical antimicrobial therapy and differences in hospital stay durations. A nuanced approach, incorporating a thorough understanding of regional epidemiological trends and judicious antibiotic use, is crucial for mitigating the financial impact on patients.Keywords: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacteremia, ESBL, risk factors, medical costs

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