Axioms (Feb 2024)
Integral Representations over Finite Limits for Quantum Amplitudes
Abstract
We extend previous research to derive three additional M-1-dimensional integral representations over the interval [0,1]. The prior version covered the interval [0,∞]. This extension applies to products of M Slater orbitals, since they (and wave functions derived from them) appear in quantum transition amplitudes. It enables the magnitudes of coordinate vector differences (square roots of polynomials) |x1−x2|=x12−2x1x2cosθ+x22 to be shifted from disjoint products of functions into a single quadratic form, allowing for the completion of its square. The M-1-dimensional integral representations of M Slater orbitals that both this extension and the prior version introduce provide alternatives to Fourier transforms and are much more compact. The latter introduce a 3M-dimensional momentum integral for M products of Slater orbitals (in M separate denominators), followed in many cases by another set of M-1-dimensional integral representations to combine those denominators into one denominator having a single (momentum) quadratic form. The current and prior methods are also slightly more compact than Gaussian transforms that introduce an M-dimensional integral for products of M Slater orbitals while simultaneously moving them into a single (spatial) quadratic form in a common exponential. One may also use addition theorems for extracting the angular variables or even direct integration at times. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. We found that these M-1-dimensional integral representations over the interval [0,1] are numerically stable, as was the prior version, having integrals running over the interval [0,∞], and one does not need to test for a sufficiently large upper integration limit as one does for the latter approach. For analytical reductions of integrals arising from any of the three, however, there is the possible drawback for large M of there being fewer tabled integrals over [0,1] than over [0,∞]. In particular, the results of both prior and current representations have integration variables residing within square roots asarguments of Macdonald functions. In a number of cases, these can be converted to Meijer G-functions whose arguments have the form (ax2+bx+c)/x, for which a single tabled integral exists for the integrals from running over the interval [0,∞] of the prior paper, and from which other forms can be found using the techniques given therein. This is not so for integral representations over the interval [0,1]. Finally, we introduce a fourth integral representation that is not easily generalizable to large M but may well provide a bridge for finding the requisite integrals for such Meijer G-functions over [0,1].
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