Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates associated with pneumothorax: Case report

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that was spread worldwide since 2019 and showed a highly contagious character affecting the lifestyle of people worldwide causing symptoms that are not limited to the respiratory system only but had multi-systemic effects that may progress to severe complications that roughly affect people's health. A newly recognized SARS-CoV-2-associated syndrome called pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome has been described worldwide. Initially, it was reported as hyper-inflammatory shock and “Kawasaki-like” symptoms with fever and conjunctivitis, a similar syndrome is also reported in neonates and called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of neonates (MIS-N). In this paper, we presented a case of a newborn baby girl born by caesarian section affected by multisystem inflammatory syndrome of neonates presenting with respiratory distress on her third day of life, then she developed bilateral pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum respectively that required intubation, which highlights that the recognition of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum as potential presentations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) positive MIS-N in newborns remains crucial.

Keywords

• The coronavirus disease 2019
• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome of children
• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome of neonates
• Pneumothorax
• Kawasaki-like disease, Neonate