Comparative Evaluation of Apical Microleakage of Retrograde Cavities Filled with Glass Ionomer Cement, Light-cured Composite, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine

Abstract

Introduction: It is clinically very important to improve the seal between the root canal and the periapical tissues. Retrograde filling materials with good sealing properties increase the success rates of periapical surgery predictably. Aim: To evaluate the apical microleakage of retrograde cavities filled with light-cured Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), Lightcured Resin Composite (RC), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine by linear dye penetration under a stereo microscope. Materials and Methods: Sixty non-carious, single-rooted human mandibular premolars were collected; decoronated at the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) and root canal treatment was done. Three millimetres of root-end was resected using a straight fissure micromotor bur and 3 mm retrograde cavities were prepared using an ultrasonic retro tip under surgical operating microscope at 16X magnification. The retrograde cavities were restored according to the manufacturer instructions of the four different materials being used. Two coats of nail varnish were then applied on the external root surface except the apical 2 mm and then immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The samples were then washed and split longitudinally and then observed under an optical stereo microscope at 40X magnification. Results: The highest mean depth of dye penetration as observed (in descending order) is Light-cured Composite (Group 2) >Light-cured GIC (Group 1) >MTA Plus (Group 3) >Biodentine (Group 4). Statistically significant differences were observed in MTA and Biodentine. Conclusion: Biodentine was significantly better in comparison to MTA Plus in preventing apical microleakage. RC and lightcured GIC presented with the highest mean microleakage and were not statistically significant from each other.

Keywords

• evaluation studies
• obturation
• premetrexed
• tri calcium silicate