Metabolomics in Radiotherapy-Induced Early Adverse Skin Reactions of Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

Alexandra N McMahon,1 Eunkyung Lee,2 Cristiane Takita,3 Isildinha M Reis,1 Jean L Wright,4 Jennifer J Hu1 1Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 2Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; 3Department of Radiation-Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 4Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USACorrespondence: Jennifer J Hu, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA, Email [email protected]: Early adverse skin reactions (EASRs) are common side effects of radiotherapy (RT) that impact the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This study used global metabolomics profiles of breast cancer populations to identify metabolic pathways and biomarkers significantly associated with RT-induced EASRs to identify potential targets for precision interventions.Methods: We used a frequency-matched study design to identify pre-RT urine samples from 60 female breast cancer patients (30 with high and 30 with low EASRs) for metabolomic analysis by Metabolon Inc. using UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Using MetaboAnalyst, we performed metabolomic data analysis and visualization on 84 candidate metabolites from 478 total compounds. We used the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) Skin Toxicity Criteria (0– 6) for EASRs assessment.Results: Seven metabolic pathways were significantly associated with RT-induced EASRs, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (p = 0.0028), caffeine metabolism (p = 0.0360), pentose and glucuronate interconversions (p = 0.0028), glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (p = 0.0360), beta-alanine metabolism (p = 0.0210), pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis (p = 0.0028), and glutathione metabolism (p = 0.0490). The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathway had the lowest false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value and the highest impact value of 0.60. Thirteen metabolite biomarkers were significantly associated with RT-induced EASRs.Conclusion: Our data show that the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways had the highest impact value on RT-induced EASRs. Future larger studies are warranted to validate our findings and facilitate targeted interventions for preventing or mitigating RT-induced EASRs, offering a promising direction for further research and clinical applications.Keywords: breast cancer, metabolomics, radiotherapy, early adverse skin reactions

Keywords

• breast cancer
• metabolomics
• radiotherapy
• early adverse skin reactions