Assessment of farmers’ knowledge on the foliar fertilizer use for improved cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) productivity in south-eastern Tanzania

Abstract

Purpose: the study aim was to evaluate the farmers' knowledge on fertilizer use in cashew by assessing their awareness on the fertilizers, extent of use, obtained benefits from use in cashew, limiting factors of use, availability and changes after use. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) is a recent topmost strategic crop in Tanzania. Through cashew, earnings of > $585 million were reached in 2017/18 season. Chlorosis, flower abortion and dropping of immature nuts hinder cashew production referring the decrease from 3200,000 Metric Tons (MT) in 2017/18 to less than 200,000 MT in 2021/2022. Farmers’ knowledge on fertilizer use in cashew is not precisely known. Methods: through cross-section design using questionnaires, purposive sampling of respondents was done. Four villages each from three agro-ecologies i. e, Makonde Plateau (MP), Tunduru Dissected Plains (TDP), and Masasi-Nachingwea Plains (MNP) were selected in South-eastern, Tanzania. About 480 households were interviewed. Results: about 75% of respondents were aware of foliage fertilizers while 45.4% agreed on their suitability for cashew. About 44.7%, 27.9%, and 27.4% of respondents use foliar fertilizers in TDP, MP, and MNP, respectively. Some respondents (3.7%) apply 1 L of foliage fertilizers per round acre−1 and 5.1% apply for 1–3 rounds, and some few (1%) apply up to 10 rounds season−1. Cashew farming experience and credit access negatively influenced foliar fertilizer uses; hence foliar fertilizer prices linearly reduced the extent of use. Conclusion: limited knowledge among the farmers on fertilizer use in cashew was a challenge. Therefore, farmers' training and detailed fertilizer use research are recommended.

Keywords

• Cashew
• Fertilizers
• Foliar fertilizers
• Agro-ecologies