Relationship among Serum Creatinine, Serum Gastrin, Calcium‐phosphorus Product, and Uremic Gastropathy in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is associated with gastrointestinal signs commonly attributed to uremic gastropathy. Consequently, patients often are treated with antacids and gastrointestinal protectants. This therapeutic regimen is based on documented gastric lesions in uremic humans and dogs, but the nature and incidence of uremic gastropathy in cats are unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives Evaluate uremic gastropathy in CKD cats to facilitate refinement of medical management for gastrointestinal signs. Animals Thirty‐seven CKD cats; 12 nonazotemic cats Methods Stomachs were evaluated for the presence of classic uremic gastropathy lesions. Histopathologic lesions were compared with serum creatinine concentrations, calcium‐phosphorus product (CPP), and serum gastrin concentrations. Results Gastric ulceration, edema, and vascular fibrinoid change were not observed. The most important gastric lesions in CKD cats were fibrosis and mineralization. Sixteen CKD cats (43%) had evidence of gastric fibrosis of varying severity and 14 CKD cats (38%) had gastric mineralization. CKD cats were more likely to have gastric fibrosis and mineralization than nonazotemic controls (P = .005 and P = .021, respectively). Only cats with moderate and severe azotemia had gastric mineralization. CPP was correlated with disease severity; severely azotemic CKD cats had significantly higher CPP when compared with nonazotemic controls, and to mildly and moderately azotemic cats (P < .05). Gastrin concentrations were significantly higher in CKD cats when compared with nonazotemic controls (P = .003), but increased concentrations were not associated with gastric ulceration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Uremic gastropathy in CKD cats differs from that described in other species and this difference should be considered when devising medical management.

Keywords

• Chronic renal failure
• Feline
• Gastritis
• Stomach