Acta Agronómica (Dec 2011)
Formas de carbono orgánico en suelos con diferentes usos en el departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) Some forms of organic carbon in soil with different uses in the Department of Magdalena (Colombia)
Abstract
Las fracciones de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS) lábiles y humificadas pueden ser afectadas por las prácticas de uso y manejo; sin embargo el impacto de estos cambios no se ha evaluado en suelos y ambientes tropicales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los contenidos y algunas formas de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) en cinco zonas de clima cálido tropical (0 - 1110 m.s.n.m.) del departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) y el efecto que sobre ellas han tenido las prácticas asociadas a suelos cultivados con café (Coffea arabica), banano (Musa sp.), palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) y sábila (Aloe vera), comparados con suelos de bosques naturales. No se encontraron diferencias (P Fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) labile and humified, can be affected by use and management practices, but the impact of these changes has not been evaluated in soils of tropical environments. The present study investigated the contents and some forms of soil organic carbon (SOC) in five warm tropical climate zones of the Department of Magdalena (Colombia), and the effect of the cropping practices on these forms of organic carbon in cultivated soils, associated with Coffee (Coffea arabica), Banana (Musa sp.), African palm (Elaeis guineensis), Aloe (Aloe vera) compared to natural forest soils. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were not found between zones as much use soil as. Low average values of SOM in the study areas and higher contents of total carbon in forest soils than in cultivated soils were reported. Forest soils had an average carbon accumulation total of 42.4 mg/ha at 20 cm, compared to 33.8 mg/ha in the cultivated soils, this equates to an average loss of 23% total C by the effect of crop management in these soils, compared to C humified (C extracted with sodium pyrophosphate), values are observed very low in cultivated soils and almost zero in forest soils, but forest soils had a higher number of stable forms of C (Cnox). In the soil cultivated with bananas, Total Carbon corresponds to fully oxidized forms of C, however in the soil cultivated with African palm, C stable forms represented 83% of total carbon.
