Din ve Bilim Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi (Dec 2023)
مصحف عثمان بن عفان وأثره في تقاليد كتابة مصاحف المغرب والأندلس
Abstract
This study deals with the characteristics of the Ottoman Maṣāḥif (Folios/Quran) and their impact on the way the Muṣḥaf (Folio) was written in Morocco and Andalusia throughout history. It also compares the Eastern and Moroccan Maṣāḥif in the context of the writing in the cities, and the issues of vowel marks (Alnaqt) and consonant pointing (iʻjām). The study was conducted according to an analytical approach to the diachronic meaning of common related concepts. The descriptive approach was followed, as it is suitable for the study of the early sources establishing this field. Following that, the inductive approach to compare the theory of the science of Maṣāḥif writing with the early manuscripts of Maṣāḥif, and to show the impact of the Ottoman Muṣḥaf on the writing of the Moroccan and Andalusian Maṣāḥif, both handwritten and printed. This study primarily deals with the issue of Andalusian and Moroccan manuscripts of the Maṣāḥif (Folios) in the early Hirji centuries. The study begins by discussing the concept of Kufic script from a pragmatic perspective, and its relationship to the Muṣḥaf (Folio) writing (Kufic Muṣḥaf). Moreover, the research is based on three main directions: the first is diachronically establishing the conceptual meaning of Moroccan and Andalusian Maṣāḥif from a historical perspective, and the concomitance of Islamic conquests, urbanization, and civilization and the spread of Maṣāḥif in North Africa and southern Europe. The second direction covers the characteristics of Moroccan and Andalusian Maṣāḥif, and their commitment to writing in the style of the Ottoman Maṣāḥif, which were written in the Hijazi style in the first Hijri century; while showing their ability to improve and develop the Hijazi style into the “Layin” style. In addition, a discussion is presented about the relationship of these manuscripts to the rules of vowel marks (alnaqt) and consonant pointing (iʻjām) that were established by Abu al-Aswad al-Dauli (69/688) and developed by al-Farahidi (175/791). This was studied in Moroccan Maṣāḥif (Morocco, Tunisia, and Andalusia) and Eastern Maṣāḥifin a comparative way; from a cognitive etymological perspective, as indicated by the scholars of orthography, such as al-Dānī (444/1052) and others, and from a codicological perspective of early and modern manuscripts, in addition to highlighting the most important features of writing of Ottoman Maṣāḥif in Moroccan and Andalusian Maṣāḥif, both handwritten and printed, whether in the form of letters or words. The last direction dealt with the issue of the aesthetic intent in writing the Muṣḥaf in Morocco and Andalusia through the methodical drawing of letters and words as dictated by orthography scholars, in addition to the relationship of civility and enlightenment to the artistic style in the embellishments of Maṣāḥif and related endowments (waqf). The research focused on the comparative study between Eastern and Moroccan Maṣāḥif. One of the main outcomes of this study is that Moroccan and Andalusian Maṣāḥif advanced the Hijazi script and improved it, giving it a central focus in writing styles. In contrast, to the Levantines, who moved from Kufic to Naskh and the main six writing styles.
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