Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part II. lips, midface, mandible, chin, and laryngeal prominence

Abstract

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this twopart series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.

Keywords

• facial feminization surgery
• transgender persons
• gender affirming surgery
• gender dysphoria