Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications - A Review

Abstract

Mohamed T El-Saadony,1,* Guihong Fang,2,3,* Si Yan,3 Samar Sami Alkafaas,4 Mahmoud A El Nasharty,5 Sohila A Khedr,6 Aya Misbah Hussien,7 Soumya Ghosh,8 Mthokozisi Dladla,9 Sara Samy Elkafas,10,11 Essam H Ibrahim,12,13 Heba Mohammed Salem,14 Walid FA Mosa,15 Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed,12 Dina Mostafa Mohammed,16 Sameh A Korma,17 Marawan K El-Tarabily,18 Ahmed M Saad,19 Khaled A El-Tarabily,20 Synan F AbuQamar20 1Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 2School of Public Health, Heinz Mehlhorn Academician Workstation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, People’s Republic of China; 3Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan, 571400, People’s Republic of China; 4Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; 6Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31733, Egypt; 7Biotechnology Department at Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt; 8Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman; 9Human Molecular Biology Unit (School of Biomedical Sciences), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; 10Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Shebin El Kom, Menofia, 32511, Egypt; 11Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia; 12Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; 13Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, 12611, Egypt; 14Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; 15Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt; 16Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; 17Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 18Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; 19Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; 20Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Si Yan, Qionghai People’s Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan, 571400, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Synan F AbuQamar, Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates, Tel [phone], Fax [phone], Email [email protected]: Over the last decade, biomedical nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable biological properties and diverse applications in biomedicine. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly notable for their wide range of medicinal uses, including antibacterial, anticancer, biosensing, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. Among these, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs stand out for their versatility and effectiveness. Recently, ZnO NPs have become a primary material in various sectors, such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, antimicrobials, construction, textile, and automotive industries. ZnO NPs can generate reactive oxygen species and induce cellular apoptosis, thus underpinning their potent anticancer and antibacterial properties. To meet the growing demand, numerous synthetic approaches have been developed to produce ZnO NPs. However, traditional manufacturing processes often involve significant economic and environmental costs, prompting a search for more sustainable alternatives. Intriguingly, biological synthesis methods utilizing plants, plant extracts, or microorganisms have emerged as ideal for producing ZnO NPs. These green production techniques offer numerous medicinal, economic, environmental, and health benefits. This review highlights the latest advancements in the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their biomedical applications, showcasing their potential to revolutionize the field with eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions.Keywords: antimicrobial, antioxidant, green synthesis, nanomedicine, nanoparticle, zinc oxide

Keywords

• antimicrobial
• antioxidant
• green synthesis
• nanomedicine
• nanoparticle
• zinc oxide.