World Journal of Emergency Surgery (Sep 2021)
Anorectal emergencies: WSES-AAST guidelines
- Antonio Tarasconi,
- Gennaro Perrone,
- Justin Davies,
- Raul Coimbra,
- Ernest Moore,
- Francesco Azzaroli,
- Hariscine Abongwa,
- Belinda De Simone,
- Gaetano Gallo,
- Giorgio Rossi,
- Fikri Abu-Zidan,
- Vanni Agnoletti,
- Gianluigi de’Angelis,
- Nicola de’Angelis,
- Luca Ansaloni,
- Gian Luca Baiocchi,
- Paolo Carcoforo,
- Marco Ceresoli,
- Alain Chichom-Mefire,
- Salomone Di Saverio,
- Federica Gaiani,
- Mario Giuffrida,
- Andreas Hecker,
- Kenji Inaba,
- Michael Kelly,
- Andrew Kirkpatrick,
- Yoram Kluger,
- Ari Leppäniemi,
- Andrey Litvin,
- Carlos Ordoñez,
- Vittoria Pattonieri,
- Andrew Peitzman,
- Manos Pikoulis,
- Boris Sakakushev,
- Massimo Sartelli,
- Vishal Shelat,
- Edward Tan,
- Mario Testini,
- George Velmahos,
- Imtiaz Wani,
- Dieter Weber,
- Walter Biffl,
- Federico Coccolini,
- Fausto Catena
Affiliations
- Antonio Tarasconi
- Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital
- Gennaro Perrone
- Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital
- Justin Davies
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Raul Coimbra
- Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine
- Ernest Moore
- Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health
- Francesco Azzaroli
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna
- Hariscine Abongwa
- Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital
- Belinda De Simone
- Department of Metabolic, Digestive and Emergency Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy et Saint Germain en Laye
- Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro
- Giorgio Rossi
- Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital
- Fikri Abu-Zidan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University
- Vanni Agnoletti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, AUSL Romagna, M.Bufalini Hospital
- Gianluigi de’Angelis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
- Nicola de’Angelis
- Minimally Invasive and Robotic Digestive Surgery Unit, Regional General Hospital F. Miulli, Bari, Ital - Université Paris Est, UPEC
- Luca Ansaloni
- Department of Emergency and general Surgery, Pavia University Hospital
- Gian Luca Baiocchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia
- Paolo Carcoforo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara
- Marco Ceresoli
- General Surgery, Monza University Hospital
- Alain Chichom-Mefire
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Buea
- Salomone Di Saverio
- General surgery 1st unit, Department of General Surgery, University of Insubria
- Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
- Mario Giuffrida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma
- Andreas Hecker
- Department of General & Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen
- Kenji Inaba
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Southern California
- Michael Kelly
- Department of General Surgery, Albury Hospital
- Andrew Kirkpatrick
- General, Acute Care, Abdominal Wall Reconstruction, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre
- Yoram Kluger
- Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus
- Ari Leppäniemi
- Helsinki University Hospital
- Andrey Litvin
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Regional Clinical Hospital, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
- Carlos Ordoñez
- Department of Surgery, Fundacion Valle del Lili - Universidad del Valle
- Vittoria Pattonieri
- Emergency Surgery Department, Parma University Hospital
- Andrew Peitzman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC-Presbyterian
- Manos Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Boris Sakakushev
- General Surgery Department, University Hospital St George
- Massimo Sartelli
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital
- Vishal Shelat
- Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital
- Edward Tan
- Department of Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center
- Mario Testini
- Academic Unit of General Surgery “V. Bonomo” Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari
- George Velmahos
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Imtiaz Wani
- Government Gousia Hospital
- Dieter Weber
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia
- Walter Biffl
- Department of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla
- Federico Coccolini
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital
- Fausto Catena
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Dept., Bufalini Hospital
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-021-00384-x
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 16,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 45
Abstract
Abstract Anorectal emergencies comprise a wide variety of diseases that share common symptoms, i.e., anorectal pain or bleeding and might require immediate management. While most of the underlying conditions do not need inpatient management, some of them could be life-threatening and need prompt recognition and treatment. It is well known that an incorrect diagnosis is frequent for anorectal diseases and that a delayed diagnosis is related to an impaired outcome. This paper aims to improve the knowledge and the awareness on this specific topic and to provide a useful tool for every physician dealing with anorectal emergencies. The present guidelines have been developed according to the GRADE methodology. To create these guidelines, a panel of experts was designed and charged by the boards of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) to perform a systematic review of the available literature and to provide evidence-based statements with immediate practical application. All the statements were presented and discussed during the WSES-AAST-WJES Consensus Conference on Anorectal Emergencies, and for each statement, a consensus among the WSES-AAST panel of experts was reached. We structured our work into seven main topics to cover the entire management of patients with anorectal emergencies and to provide an up-to-date, easy-to-use tool that can help physicians and surgeons during the decision-making process.
Keywords