Taste Cells of the Type III Employ CASR to Maintain Steady Serotonin Exocytosis at Variable Ca²⁺ in the Extracellular Medium

Abstract

Type III taste cells are the only taste bud cells which express voltage-gated (VG) Ca2+ channels and employ Ca2+-dependent exocytosis to release neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin. The taste bud is a tightly packed cell population, wherein extracellular Ca2+ is expected to fluctuate markedly due to the electrical activity of taste cells. It is currently unclear whether the Ca2+ entry-driven synapse in type III cells could be reliable enough at unsteady extracellular Ca2. Here we assayed depolarization-induced Ca2+ signals and associated serotonin release in isolated type III cells at varied extracellular Ca2+. It turned out that the same depolarizing stimulus elicited invariant Ca2+ signals in type III cells irrespective of bath Ca2+ varied within 0.5–5 mM. The serotonin release from type III cells was assayed with the biosensor approach by using HEK-293 cells co-expressing the recombinant 5-HT4 receptor and genetically encoded cAMP sensor Pink Flamindo. Consistently with the weak Ca2+ dependence of intracellular Ca2+ transients produced by VG Ca2+ entry, depolarization-triggered serotonin secretion varied negligibly with bath Ca2+. The evidence implicated the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor in mediating the negative feedback mechanism that regulates VG Ca2+ entry and levels off serotonin release in type III cells at deviating Ca2+ in the extracellular medium.

Keywords

• taste cells
• voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels
• serotonin secretion
• serotonin biosensor
• extracellular Ca²⁺-sensing receptor