PHYTOSANITARY MONITORING OF SEEDS OF THE MAIN GRAIN CROPS

Abstract

The main prerequisite for the integrated plant protection is phytosanitary monitoring and pest prediction, which should be a system of collection, accumulation, analysis and use of phytosanitary information for the purpose of targeted and optimal implementation of plant protection measures. Under the conditions of Penza region the quality of seed material and condition of seed crops of major grain crops has been studied using modern methods of phytosanitary monitoring. It was found that the dominant pests on the crops of cereal crops are bread flea (Phyllotreta Vittula Redt.), wheat thrips (Haplothrips tritici), scarab beetle (Anisoplia austriaca beetle), various types of aphids. Among diseases there are powdery mildew, Septoria, rust, spot disease. Fields are dominated by weeds of canada thistle and chamomile, pansies, bindweed and field thistle. On average over the two years, 62160 ha have been treated with herbicides, 48900.5 ha with insecticides and 43544 ha with fungicides. The pesticide load was mainly in June and July. An average of 9,425 tonnes of spring grain crop seeds were sown in the Penza district farms in two years. Of these, 6,711.36 tonnes were treated against diseases and pests. 2866,2 tons were treated with fungicides, 441,5 tons – with insecticides, 4362,66 tons – with insectofungicides. The pesticide load (per physically treated area) was 0.76 kg/ha in these years. This is an optimum value. A load of up to 1 kg/ha is considered safe.

Keywords

• phytosanitary monitoring
• seed crops
• seeds
• pests
• diseases
• weeds
• pesticide load