Brain Natriuretic Peptide mediates the prognostic role of renal function toward 10-year cardiovascular mortality in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: the HHF study (2006–2016)

Abstract

Background/Introduction: Risk stratification in chronic heart failure (HF) remains a challenge. Renal function and B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) might confer predictive value towards long-term mortality in HF patients after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: From May 2006 to March 2009, 1,000 consecutive patients who were hospitalized with ACS diagnosis were enrolled in the study. In 2016, the 10-year follow-up (2006 -2016) was performed in 745 participants. GFR was evaluated through the MDRD formula. HF phenotype was defined according to baseline ejection fraction (EF); HF with reduced EF (i.e. <40%) (HFrEF), preserved EF (i.e. ≥50%) (HFpEF) and mid-range EF (i.e. 40 –49%) (HFmrEF). Results: 10-year mortality was 21%. Deceased patients presented significantly lower GFR and higher BNP values at the baseline, compared with their alive counterparts (p < 0.001 for both). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, GFR independently predicted all-cause mortality (OR = 0.98, p = 0.04). After adjusting for baseline BNP, GFR lost its predictive role while BNP was independently associated with 10-year mortality (OR = 1.39 for a 2-fold increase, p = 0.001). A significant interaction was observed between EF and BNP levels on the tested outcome (p for interaction < 0.001). In stratified analysis, BNP predicted all cause death only in HFmrEF (OR=1.43, p = 0.04) and in HFpEF (OR=1.80, p = 0.01). Conclusion: BNP mediates the predictive role of GFR towards long-term mortality in ACS-induced HF patients with retained systolic performance of the left ventricle (HFmrEF and HFpEF). Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Prognosis, Heart failure, Renal function