Determination of carbamazepine and diazepam by SPE-HPLC-DAD in Belém River water, Curitiba-PR/Brazil

Abstract

This work sought to determine the two psychotropic drugs most commonly released by Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) into urban river waters (Belém sub-basin, Curitiba, PR, Brazil). A simple analytical method using SPE followed by a HPLC–DAD was developed and validated. Strata-X® cartridges were used to extract (carbamazepine) CZ and diazepam (DZ) from water and SPE conditions were optimized by 23 factorial design. The validated method was specific for target compounds; correlation coefficients were above 0.9998, recovery between 85.8 and 98.4% and precision below 6.60% (RSD, n=3). This method was successfully applied to analyze river samples and pollution hotspots were identified. The CZ and DZ concentrations found ranged from 0.670 to 0.856 µg L-1 and from LOQ to 0.763 µg L-1, respectively, and confirmed that drug consumption is directly related to river pollution in the studied region.

Keywords

• carbamazepine
• diazepam
• emerging pollutants