Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva (Jun 2010)
Padrões de utilização de antibacterianos em unidades de terapia intensiva Patterns of antibacterials use in intensive care units
Abstract
OBJETIVO: conhecer e comparar os padrões de consumo de antibacterianos em unidades de terapia intensiva com base no sistema Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD). MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte, prospectivo, realizado em três unidades de terapia intensiva médico-cirúrgicas, duas localizadas em dois hospitais públicos e uma em hospital privado. Amostras aleatórias simples, independentes, dos pacientes internados nas unidades de terapia intensiva no período de 10/2004 a 09/2005 foram utilizadas. O consumo de antibacterianos foi avaliado com o sistema ATC/DDD. A quantidade utilizada de antibacteriano nas unidades de terapia intensiva, em gramas, foi transformada em dose diária definida (DDD). O número de DDD foi dividido pelo número de pacientes-dia e multiplicado por mil, compondo a densidade média de consumo por mil pacientes-dia (DDD1000). RESULTADOS: Hum mil setecentos e vinte e oito (1.728) pacientes-dia e 2.918,6 DDD foram analisados nas três unidades de terapia intensiva, correspondendo a densidade média de consumo de 1.689,0 DDD1000. A mediana do número de DDD referente à utilização de antibacterianos nas unidades de terapia intensiva dos hospitais públicos foi significativamente maior (p=0,002) do que na unidade de terapia intensiva do hospital privado. Ao contrário, a densidade de consumo de antibacterianos na unidade de terapia intensiva do hospital privado (2.191,7DDD1000) foi significativamente maior (pOBJECTIVE: To know and compare the patterns of antimicrobials use in intensive care units (ICUs) based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) system. METHODS: a prospective cohort study was conducted in three medical-surgical intensive care units, two of them in public hospitals and one in a private hospital. Simple random, independent samples of patients admitted from 10/2004 to 09/2005 to the selected intensive care units were used. The antibiotics use was assessed using the ATC/DDD system. The amount of antibacterials used in each intensive care unit, in grams, was transformed in daily defined dose (DDD). The number of DDDs was divided by the number of patient-days, multiplied by one thousand, to obtain the average density of consumption (DC) per thousand patient-days (DDD1000). RESULTS: 1,728 patients-days and 2,918.6 DDDs were examined in the three intensive care units, corresponding to an average density of consumption of 1,689.0 DDD1000. The median number of DDDs of antibiotics use in the public hospitals’ intensive care units was significantly higher (p=0.002) versus the private hospital’s intensive care unit. The consumption of antibiotics in the private hospital’s intensive care unit (DC=2,191.7 DDD1000) was significantly higher (p<0.001) versus the intensive care units of public hospitals (1,499.5 DDD1000). The most used antibiotics groups in the three intensive care units were 3rd generation cephalosporins, penicillins/betalactamases inhibitors, carbapenems and fluorquinolones. CONCLUSION: The pattern of antibiotics use in the three examined intensive care units was not uniform. The private hospital’s intensive care unit used a significantly larger amount versus the public hospitals’ intensive care units. Nevertheless, the most used antibiotics groups were similar in the three intensive care units.
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