Report of Adverse Effects Following Population-Wide COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comparative Study between Six Different Vaccines in Baja-California, Mexico

Abstract

After emergency authorization, different COVID-19 vaccines were administered across Mexico in 2021, including mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated platform vaccines. In the state of Baja-California, 3,516,394 doses were administered, and 2285 adverse events (AE) were registered in the epidemiological surveillance system in 2021. Incidence rates per 100,000 doses were calculated for total, mild (local and systemic), and severe AE for each vaccine. Symptoms were compared between mRNA and viral vector/inactivated virus vaccines. The overall incidence rate for all AE was 64.98 per 100,000 administered doses; 79.05 AE per 100,000 doses for mRNA vaccines; and 56.9 AE per 100,000 doses for viral vector/inactivated virus vaccine platforms. AE were at least five times higher in recipients of the AstraZeneca vaccine from the Serum Institute of India (AZ from SII). Local injection site symptoms were more common in mRNA vaccines while systemic were more prevalent in viral vector/inactivated virus vaccines. Severe AE rates were similar across all administered vaccines (0.72–1.61 AE per 100,000 doses), except for AZ from SII, which documented 12.6 AE per 100,000 doses. Among 32 hospitalized severe cases, 28 (87.5%) were discharged. Guillain–Barré Syndrome was the most common serious AE reported (n = 7). Adverse events rates differed among vaccine manufacturers but were consistent with clinical trials and population-based reports in the literature.

Keywords

• adverse events
• vaccines
• COVID-19
• Mexico
• epidemiological surveillance