Logica del certo e dell’incerto per la scuola primaria

Abstract

Learning the basics of the logic of certain and the uncertain is presented as the result of a work of an interdisciplinary team. Our experimentation involves essentially two aspects: language comprehension of a statement and analysis of the information. The first aspect is to see how children interpret a sentence with subject and predicate, that is, if they believe that the truth values that can be assigned are those of bivalent logic, i.e. true or false, or truth-values of a multivalent logic i.e. if there is the possibility/need to consider truth values intermediate between true and false such as: more true than false, more false than true, halfway between true and false. It is also required children to identify phrases not complete and therefore that are not linguistic statements. Regarding the second aspect it comes to analyzing the information on the concept expressed by a proposition, i.e. to see if it is possible to immediately assign to it a truth value, or if it is necessary to acquire a further information. Moreover we highlight the distinction between uncertainty due to incomplete information, which leads to probability assessments, and semantic uncertainty that leads to the theory of fuzzy sets.

Keywords

• Propositions of the bivalent logic
• Linguistic statements
• Logic of the certain and uncertain
• Fuzzy logic
• Degree of information
• Linguistic variables